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Grades 6–8 · Semester 2 · 58 readings

Follow connected processes

Begin with energy and environment. Follow the connected explanations through routes and production, keeping each small group together and taking time to understand its illustrations.

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One possible pace is 3–4 explanations a week over 16 weeks. Keep each small unit together, revisit its pictures and allow more time whenever an idea needs it.

Unit 1Energy and environment4 readings ⌄

Solar storage, heat exchange, food webs and drying explain where energy moves and which conditions matter.

  1. How can solar energy and a battery meet a changing need?Systems
  2. How can two fluids exchange energy without mixing?Systems
  3. How does energy move through a food web?Organisms
  4. How do surroundings change the rate at which fabric dries?Everyday Life
Unit 2Communities across space and time3 readings ⌄

Species change their surroundings, affect their neighbors and depend on connections between habitats.

  1. How can an open field gradually become a woodland?Organisms
  2. Why can a strip of habitat matter as much as a large patch?Organisms
  3. How can a sea otter help a forest grow underwater?Organisms
Unit 3Matter moving through Earth and life3 readings ⌄

Follow carbon and nitrogen across reservoirs, then explain how excess nutrients alter oxygen supply.

  1. How can one carbon atom move through air, life, ocean and rock?Earth & Space
  2. How does nitrogen travel from air into life and back again?Earth & Space
  3. Why can extra nutrients leave fish with too little oxygen?Earth & Space
Unit 4Reproduction and reactions3 readings ⌄

Pollination, inherited gene versions and enzymes explain distinct processes involved in living systems.

  1. How does pollen reach the place a seed can begin?Organisms
  2. How can inherited gene versions combine?Organisms
  3. How does an enzyme speed a reaction without being used up?Organisms
Unit 5Language and rules4 readings ⌄

Ambiguity, implications, definitions and metaphor show why wording changes what a statement establishes.

  1. How can one sentence describe two scenes?Language
  2. What does a one-way if statement let us conclude?Language
  3. How do defined terms change a classification?Language
  4. How does a metaphor communicate a comparison?Language
Unit 6Sound, light and context4 readings ⌄

Musical timing, string modes, additive light and visual context describe different features of a representation.

  1. How can we separate pitch from rhythm?Arts & Music
  2. Why do fixed strings have harmonic modes?Arts & Music
  3. Why does mixing colored light differ from mixing paint?Arts & Music
  4. How can context change a line’s apparent length?Arts & Music
Unit 7Sound patterns and shared time2 readings ⌄

Voices and rhythmic cycles carry information through patterns that listeners learn to recognize.

  1. How can a change in pitch turn a Mandarin syllable into a different word?Language
  2. How does a tintal cycle help musicians know where they are in the music?Arts & Music
Unit 8Electric sound makers2 readings ⌄

Discover how moving strings and electronic circuits become musical signals.

  1. How does an electric guitar hear a string without a microphone?Arts & Music
  2. How can a synthesizer invent a sound no instrument makes?Arts & Music
Unit 9Records and decisions4 readings ⌄

Accounts, missing archives, source tracing and election rules explain different limits on a public conclusion.

  1. How can two accounts tell different parts of a story?History & Evidence
  2. Can surviving records show everyone’s view?History & Evidence
  3. How do we trace a claim back to its evidence?Societies
  4. How can the same votes give different rule outcomes?Societies
Unit 10Evidence and coordination in healthcare3 readings ⌄

See how measurements, supplies and changing needs become coordinated care.

  1. How does a laboratory measurement become a useful health report?Systems
  2. How does a blood bank turn donations into supplies for different patients?Systems
  3. Why does an emergency department sometimes treat a later arrival first?Systems
Unit 11From public rules to public action2 readings ⌄

Distinguish writing a rule from organizing the people and resources that carry it out.

  1. How does a proposal become an Act of the UK Parliament?Societies
  2. What has to happen after a law is passed for a service to work?Societies
Unit 12Chance and comparisons5 readings ⌄

Probability, changing price bases, markets, external costs and sampling each depend on what is being compared and under which assumptions.

  1. How do two independent coin tosses give four possible outcomes?Mathematics
  2. Why don’t successive discounts simply add?Everyday Life
  3. How can buyers and sellers affect a market price?Societies
  4. How can production costs reach people outside a sale?Societies
  5. How can who is included change a survey result?Societies
Unit 13People, places and planning2 readings ⌄

Use population change and spatial information to understand how service needs develop.

  1. How can a town's population change even when many people move both in and out?Societies
  2. How can layered maps help planners decide where school places are needed?Systems
Unit 14Different electrical effects2 readings ⌄

Charge interactions and microwave heating involve distinct electrical mechanisms.

  1. Why can a charged object attract a neutral one?Materials & Matter
  2. Why can microwaves heat material unevenly?Everyday Life
Unit 15Delivery and protection3 readings ⌄

A pneumatic cylinder, a fuse and a district heating loop have different roles in directing a system’s behavior.

  1. How does compressed air push a cylinder rod?Machines
  2. How does a fuse interrupt excessive current?Systems
  3. How can district heating warm buildings through separate water loops?Systems
Unit 16Light and focus3 readings ⌄

Refraction, eye accommodation and corrective lenses connect light paths with the position of an image.

  1. Why can light bend when it enters another material?Materials & Matter
  2. How does the eye adjust focus for near and far objects?Organisms
  3. How do corrective lenses redirect light before it enters the eye?Everyday Life
Unit 17Environment and conditions3 readings ⌄

Upwelling, stomatal opening and eclipse alignment depend on different environmental or geometric conditions.

  1. How does deeper ocean water rise toward the surface?Earth & Space
  2. How do guard cells coordinate gas exchange and water loss?Organisms
  3. How does the Moon's shadow cause a solar eclipse?Earth & Space
Unit 18The changing underground water system3 readings ⌄

Connect wells, coastal salinity and drought through water movement, storage and pressure.

  1. Why does the water table dip around a pumping well?Earth & Space
  2. How can seawater enter a freshwater well?Earth & Space
  3. Why can a drought continue after a heavy rainstorm?Earth & Space
Unit 19Routes and production3 readings ⌄

Container transport, production costs and distance-time slopes make different aspects of movement and output explicit.

  1. How can one container move between truck, train and ship?Societies
  2. How can a larger production scale have a lower cost per unit?Societies
  3. How does a distance-time graph's slope show speed?Mathematics