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Grades 9–12 · Semester 3 · 48 readings

Explore everyday mechanisms

Begin with shaping the sound of a performance. Follow the connected explanations through converting energy and protecting circuits, keeping each small group together and taking time to understand its illustrations.

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One possible pace is 3 explanations a week over 16 weeks. Keep each small unit together, revisit its pictures and allow more time whenever an idea needs it.

Unit 1Shaping the sound of a performance2 readings ⌄

See how signal processing changes musical color and pitch.

  1. Why can a distortion pedal make a guitar sound fierce?Arts & Music
  2. How can software move a sung note into tune?Arts & Music
Unit 2Measurement and images3 readings ⌄

Transit depth, decibels and motion blur connect observations with a quantitative relationship and its limits.

  1. What does a dip in starlight reveal about a transiting planet?Earth & Space
  2. How do decibels compare sound intensities using a logarithmic scale?Mathematics
  3. Why can a longer exposure blur motion?Arts & Music
Unit 3Records of Earth3 readings ⌄

Seismic shadows, map projections and ice cores preserve different kinds of spatial or historical evidence.

  1. How do seismic shadow zones reveal Earth's interior?Earth & Space
  2. How does a map projection change distances, angles and areas?History & Evidence
  3. Why can ice and trapped air at the same depth have different ages?History & Evidence
Unit 4Resources and constraints3 readings ⌄

Nitrogen exchange, a ventilated tracer and constrained production each require a defined boundary and a clear account of the resources involved.

  1. How do legume nodules link nitrogen fixation with resource exchange?Organisms
  2. How does ventilation dilute a passive tracer in a well-mixed room?Everyday Life
  3. How can linear optimization find the best allowed production plan?Mathematics
Unit 5Data and wording3 readings ⌄

Recommendation rules, atomic transactions and passive voice determine different aspects of a recorded result or communicated action.

  1. How do scores and feedback change a recommendation ranking?Computing
  2. Why does an atomic transaction accept all its changes or none?Computing
  3. How does passive voice change a sentence’s focus?Language
Unit 6Accounts and claims3 readings ⌄

Bank lending and double-entry records depend on defined accounts. Qualified language states how strongly evidence supports a claim.

  1. How can bank lending create a loan asset and a deposit liability?Societies
  2. How does double-entry bookkeeping keep the accounting equation balanced?Societies
  3. How do words express different strengths of claim?Language
Unit 7Promises, funding and delivery3 readings ⌄

Follow how organizations obtain resources and turn agreements into completed work.

  1. How does a public agency buy a service that actually meets its needs?Societies
  2. How do a loan and an ownership investment fund the same business differently?Societies
  3. How can one contract coordinate work done by several companies?Societies
Unit 8Motion and material states3 readings ⌄

Precession, orbital free fall and shape-memory transformations connect remarkable behavior with a precise mechanism.

  1. Why can a spinning gyroscope precess instead of tipping straight down?Machines
  2. How can a spacecraft keep falling without reaching the ground?Systems
  3. How can a warmed shape-memory alloy recover a trained shape?Materials & Matter
Unit 9Responses to extreme conditions3 readings ⌄

Cryptobiosis, ice-binding proteins and superconducting states depend on very different material and biological conditions.

  1. How can a tardigrade survive drying and become active again?Organisms
  2. How can a polar fish limit ice growth without warming itself?Organisms
  3. How can a cold superconductor support a magnet above it?Materials & Matter
Unit 10Seeing hidden structures3 readings ⌄

Mathematical reconstruction, virtual unrolling and a curved mirror turn measurements or geometry into a view of something otherwise hidden.

  1. How can projections help reconstruct an unseen interior?Mathematics
  2. How can a closed fragile scroll be read virtually?History & Evidence
  3. Why can a stretched drawing look right in a curved mirror?Arts & Music
Unit 11Encoding and retaining information3 readings ⌄

Threshold shares, whistled language and electronic paper preserve or communicate information through different kinds of representation.

  1. How can two shares recover a secret that one share cannot reveal?Computing
  2. How can a whistle carry words across a landscape?Language
  3. How can e-paper keep an image without continuous drive?Everyday Life
Unit 12Light and sound reveal the hidden4 readings ⌄

Gravitational lenses, multispectral records, Fourier components and reverberation connect observations with their underlying geometry or signal structure.

  1. How can gravity make one distant galaxy look like a ring?Earth & Space
  2. How can different light bands reveal erased writing?History & Evidence
  3. How does Fourier analysis separate a sound wave into frequency components?Mathematics
  4. Why does a hall keep a sound after its source stops?Arts & Music
Unit 13Forces, energy and molecular precision4 readings ⌄

Light can trap a suitable particle; enzymes can remove copying errors; an animal strike and a stretched polymer reveal distinct energy transformations.

  1. How can light hold a tiny particle in optical tweezers?Machines
  2. How can DNA polymerase remove a copying mistake?Organisms
  3. How can a mantis-shrimp strike create a collapsing vapor bubble?Organisms
  4. Why can stretching rubber change its temperature?Materials & Matter
Unit 14Motion, measurement and control4 readings ⌄

Tuned damping, atomic resonance, laser interference and railway interlocking each depend on a specific relationship between a changing system and a response.

  1. How can a moving mass make a tall building sway less?Machines
  2. How does a cesium atomic clock turn resonance into time?Systems
  3. How can laser interference reveal a gravitational wave?Systems
  4. How do railway signals combine train detection with route locking?Systems
Unit 15Converting energy and protecting circuits4 readings ⌄

Pumped storage, semiconductor light emission, current-balance protection and HVDC links connect energy transfers with their physical limits.

  1. How can water store electricity for a later time?Systems
  2. How does an LED turn electrical energy into light?Materials & Matter
  3. How does a ground-fault interrupter notice missing return current?Systems
  4. How does an HVDC link connect two electricity grids?Systems