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Grades K–2 · Earth & Space

Why can a stream keep flowing when rain has stopped?

A stream may keep moving under a clear sky. Some of its water is arriving from wet ground beside and beneath it. Earlier rain soaked underground and is only now reaching the stream.

Water can move slowly through spaces in soil and cracked rock. Where that wet ground meets a lower stream, water seeps into the channel. Many tiny flows join together. We may see no large pipe or waterfall, yet water is still arriving.

The arrows beneath the banks lead into the stream, even though no rain is falling.

Groundwater supplies a streamWater seeps from banks into a stream even after rainfall ends.Clear sky; flowing streamWater joins the streamStored water keeps arrivingthrough connected spaces.
Blue paths show stored groundwater entering the stream from both banks.

The ground can release its stored water long after a shower ends. But that store is not endless. During a long dry spell, less water may reach the stream and its flow can shrink. Other streams receive melting snow or water from lakes too. Flowing water can therefore tell a story that began before today's weather.

About this explanation

Some streams lose water into the ground; this drawing shows a stream that gains groundwater.

Starting knowledge: Follow familiar changes in water, sunlight and rocks using pictures.

Sources

  • U.S. Geological Survey — Rivers Contain Groundwater
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