294 forms the atlas actually names.

A helium-neon gas mixture

HeNe

• Neon · Gas lasers

Actinium isotopes in laser-spectroscopy experiments

Ac

• Actinium · Measuring nuclear size and structure

Actinium-225 in molecular targeting systems

Ac

• Actinium · Radiopharmaceutical research

Aluminum alloys containing other metals

Al

• Aluminum · Transport structures

Americium-241 in sealed ionization sources

Am

• Americium · Detecting smoke

Americium-241 oxide fuel under investigation

Am

• Americium · Developing space heat sources

Ammonia and nitrogen-containing compounds

N

• Nitrogen · Fertilizer manufacture

An indium-tin-oxide electrode film: tin-doped indium oxide, rather than transparent pieces of indium and tin metal.

OInSn

• An oxide that carries charge

Antimony trioxide in formulated materials

Sb

• Antimony · Slowing flame spread

Argon gas enclosed between panes

Ar

• Argon · Insulating glazing

Argon shielding gas

Ar

• Argon · Welding protection

Arsenic in InGaAs

InGaAs

As

• Choose an absorber for infrared light

Arsenic incorporated into a semiconductor

As

• Arsenic · Electronic doping

Astatine atoms in laser-ionization research

At

• Astatine · Testing heavy-halogen electron binding

Astatine-211 attached to targeting molecules

At

• Astatine · Targeted-alpha research

Barite particles, barium sulfate

Ba

• Barium · Adding weight to drilling fluid

Barium sulfate in a professional imaging formulation

Ba

• Barium · Making anatomical contrast visible

Berkelium complexes in oxidation-state research

Bk

• Berkelium · Testing selective actinide binding

Berkelium-249 target material in accelerator research

Bk

• Berkelium · Helping discover tennessine

Bismuth oxychloride in cosmetic pigments

Bi

• Bismuth · Pearlescent appearance

Bismuth-containing solders and other alloys

Bi

• Bismuth · Replacing lead in joining alloys

Bohrium isotopes in alpha-spectroscopy studies

Bh

• Bohrium · Investigating nuclear levels

Bohrium oxychloride in gas-phase experiments

Bh

• Bohrium · Testing heavy group 7 chemistry

Boron oxide incorporated in borosilicate glass

B

• Boron · Heat-resistant glass

Boron-10-containing material

B

• Boron · Neutron detection and control

Bromine-containing disinfectant compounds

Br

• Bromine · Water-treatment chemistry

Ca2+ dissolved in feed water

Ca

• Stop scale before the next heating cycle

Cadmium neutron-absorbing material

Cd

• Cadmium · Managing neutron populations

Cadmium telluride semiconductor

CdTe

• Tellurium · Absorbing sunlight in a thin layer

Cadmium-containing nickel–cadmium cell

NiCd

• Cadmium · Rechargeable battery electrodes

Cesium formate solution

Cs

• Cesium · Dense fluids for drilling

Cesium-133 atoms in an atomic clock

Cs

• Cesium · Providing a time reference

Calcium compounds in lime and cement

Ca

• Calcium · Construction binders

Calcium in calcite, CaCO3

CaCO3

Ca

• Choose a location for carved carbonate stone

Calcium in carbonate minerals where present

Ca

• Keep the altered layer in the investigation

Calcium in cement hydration products

Ca

• Supply water where hydration needs it

Calcium in shell aragonite, CaCO3

CaCO3

Ca

• Borrow the shell’s architecture

Calcium-bearing hydrated cement phases

Ca

• Qualify the exposed part of a joint

Calculated roentgenium molecular complexes

Rg

• Roentgenium · Exploring predicted chemical bonds

Californium-252 neutron sources

Cf

• Californium · Starting reactor instrumentation sequences

Californium-252 sources in industrial analysis

Cf

• Californium · Examining materials with neutrons

Carbon fibers in the gas diffusion layer

C

• Keep gases moving without drying the membrane

Carbon in CO2 and HCO3−

CO2

C

• Reuse an enzyme in a gas absorber

Carbon in crosslinked packaging resin

C

• Choose a cure process around package distortion

Carbon in egg proteins and sugars

C

• Keep liquid inside a set material

Carbon in polymer between platelets

C

• Borrow the shell’s architecture

Carbon in possible surface compounds or atmospheric CO2

CO2

C

• Separate a coating from the rock beneath

Carbon in some interstellar dust grains

C

• Break a color ambiguity

Carbon skeleton in DGEBA epoxy

C

• Qualify the interface you will actually make

Carbonate groups in calcite

C

• Choose a location for carved carbonate stone

Carbonate in solid CaCO3

CaCO3

C

• Stop scale before the next heating cycle

Cemented tungsten carbide composite

W

• Tungsten · Cutting and wear-resistant tools

Ceria or ceria–zirconia oxide material

Ce

• Cerium · Buffering oxygen in exhaust catalysts

Cerium-containing ferrocerium alloy

Ce

• Cerium · Making an ignition spark

Cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystal

CeLu

• Lutetium · Detecting gamma photons in PET instruments

Chlorine chemically bound in polyvinyl chloride

Cl

• Chlorine · PVC materials

Chlorine-based disinfecting chemistry

Cl

• Chlorine · Water treatment

Chromite-containing refractory material

Cr

• Chromium · Refractory components

Chromium-containing steel alloy

Cr

• Chromium · Corrosion-resistant steel

Cl− bound in halite

Cl

• Choose references that match the measurement

Cl− in the standard

Cl

• Use a scale check and a contamination check

Cobalt compounds in ceramic formulations

Co

• Cobalt · Blue ceramic decoration

Cobalt-containing engineering alloys

Co

• Cobalt · High-temperature machinery

Computed lawrencium electron affinities and ionization energies

Lr

• Lawrencium · Refining relativistic atomic theory

Coordinated Zn2+ in native enzyme

Zn

• Protect access to the active site

Copernicium atoms in adsorption experiments

Cn

• Copernicium · Testing interactions with gold

Copernicium isotopes in correlated nuclear spectroscopy

Cn

• Copernicium · Following superheavy decay

Copper compounds in analytical reagents

Cu

• Copper · Chemical sugar tests

Copper-beryllium alloy

BeCu

• Beryllium · Durable electrical contacts

Copper–nickel alloy tubing

NiCu

• Nickel · Seawater-processing equipment

Crystalline silicon in a conventional photodiode

Si

• Choose an absorber for infrared light

Crystalline silicon in the chip

Si

• Choose a cure process around package distortion

Crystalline silicon in the image sensor

Si

• Separate illumination from pixel response

Curium isotopes in actinide production programs

Cm

• Curium · Supplying heavier-element research

Curium-244 source in an alpha-particle X-ray spectrometer

Cm

• Curium · Analyzing Martian rocks

Darmstadtium daughters in superheavy decay sequences

Ds

• Darmstadtium · Tracing heavier nuclei

Darmstadtium nuclei in excited-state research

Ds

• Darmstadtium · Investigating nuclear isomers

Diamond, an elemental carbon structure

C

• Carbon · Cutting and drilling

Dissolved Cl−

Cl

• Detect a salt upset in a known process

Dissolved Na+

Na

• Detect a salt upset in a known process

Dubnium isotopes in nuclear spectroscopy

Db

• Dubnium · Connecting heavy-nucleus decay patterns

Dubnium species in aqueous chemistry experiments

Db

• Dubnium · Comparing group 5 complexes

Dysprosium iodide compound

Dy

• Dysprosium · Producing light in discharge lamps

Dysprosium-modified neodymium–iron–boron material

BFeNdDy

• Dysprosium · Helping magnets tolerate heat

Einsteinium complexes examined by spectroscopy

Es

• Einsteinium · Testing late-actinide chemistry

Einsteinium target material in mendelevium discovery

EsMd

• Einsteinium · Making the next element

Elemental calcium as a reducing agent

Ca

• Calcium · Obtaining other metals

Elemental copper in conductive components

Cu

• Copper · Electrical connections

Elemental mercury in a sealed instrument

Hg

• Mercury · Historical temperature and pressure instruments

Elemental rubidium used as a getter

Rb

• Rubidium · Vacuum-tube cleanup

Erbium oxide in glass

Er

• Erbium · Coloring glass

Erbium-doped glass-fiber amplifier

Er

• Erbium · Restoring an optical communications signal

Europium-containing luminescent material on banknote specimens

Eu

• Europium · Research into optically readable authentication

Europium-containing phosphor

Eu

• Europium · The red component of emitted light

Fermium atoms in laser-spectroscopy experiments

Fm

• Fermium · Measuring nuclear charge radii

Fermium isotopes in fission studies

Fm

• Fermium · Understanding how nuclei split

Flerovium atoms on gold and silicon oxide

SiAuFl

• Flerovium · Testing surface reactivity

Flerovium isotopes in nuclear-spectroscopy studies

Fl

• Flerovium · Investigating decay and fission

Fluorine covalently bound in PTFE

F

• Keep gases moving without drying the membrane

Francium atoms in parity-nonconservation research

Fr

• Francium · Probing the weak interaction

Gadolinium ion held in a chelated formulation

Gd

• Gadolinium · Changing MRI contrast

Gadolinium-containing absorber material

Gd

• Gadolinium · Controlling neutron absorption

Gallium arsenide compound

GaAs

• Arsenic · Compound-semiconductor devices

Gallium in InGaAs

InGaAs

Ga

• Choose an absorber for infrared light

Gallium nitride semiconductor compounds

Ga

• Gallium · Light-emitting electronics

Gallium-containing alloys

Ga

• Gallium · Low-melting metallic mixtures

Germanium or germanium oxide optical material

Ge

• Germanium · Infrared optical equipment

Gold coating on Webb telescope mirrors

Au

• Gold · Collecting infrared light from space

Gold-plated connector surface

Au

• Gold · Maintaining electrical contact

Gold–palladium alloy

PdAu

• Palladium · Changing gold jewelry color

H2O used for the process blank

H2O

HO

• Use a scale check and a contamination check

Hafnium-based high-k oxide dielectric

Hf

• Hafnium · Insulating a transistor gate

Hafnium-containing control material

Hf

• Hafnium · Neutron-absorbing control components

Hassium isotopes in heavy-nucleus research

Hs

• Hassium · Investigating shell stabilization

Hassium tetroxide in thermochromatography

Hs

• Hassium · Testing group 8 oxidation chemistry

Helium gas

He

• Helium · Protective processing atmospheres

Holmium oxide reference glass

Ho

• Holmium · Checking a spectrophotometer wavelength scale

Holmium-containing nuclear control material

Ho

• Holmium · Absorbing neutrons

Hydrofluoric acid in controlled industrial systems

F

• Fluorine · Glass processing

Hydrogen gas combined with nitrogen

HN

• Hydrogen · Ammonia feedstock

Hydrogen gas, H₂

H

• Hydrogen · Fuel-cell electricity

Hydrogen in absorbed H2O

H2O

HO

• Supply water where hydration needs it

Hydrogen in steam and product H2

H

• Match electrolysis to available heat

Hydrogen in stellar gas and plasma

H

• Break a color ambiguity

Hydrogen in water

H

• Keep liquid inside a set material

Illustrative LFP/graphite cell: LiFePO₄-based positive electrode, graphite negative electrode, electrolyte-wetted separator, and aluminum/copper current collectors.

LiAlCu

• Two paths inside a cell

Illustrative sodium aluminosilicate cover glass with potassium exchanged into its surface; no proprietary composition is reproduced.

ONaK

• A compressed glass surface

Indium in InGaAs

InGaAs

In

• Choose an absorber for infrared light

Indium phosphide semiconductor

In

• Indium · Compound-semiconductor devices

Indium tin oxide thin film

InSn

• Indium · Transparent electrical layers

Iodine-containing polarizing material

I

• Iodine · Optical control in displays

Ionized xenon propellant

Xe

• Xenon · Changing a spacecraft trajectory

Iridium-containing spark-plug tip

Ir

• Iridium · An electrode that resists wear

Iron-based alloys containing manganese

MnFe

• Manganese · Wear-resistant steel

Iron-containing industrial catalyst

Fe

• Iron · Ammonia synthesis

Iron–carbon alloys with selected additions

CFe

• Iron · Structural steel

K+ in a potassium-chloride conductivity standard

K

• Use a scale check and a contamination check

Krypton gas in specialized flash lamps

Kr

• Krypton · High-speed photography

Lanthanum oxide in optical glass

La

• Lanthanum · Controlling how a lens bends light

Lanthanum-containing metal-hydride electrode alloy

La

• Lanthanum · Hydrogen-storing battery materials

Laser-cooled and trapped francium atoms

Fr

• Francium · Testing atomic structure

Laser-trapped radium-225 atoms

Ra

• Radium · Testing fundamental symmetries

Lawrencium atoms in ionization-energy measurements

Lr

• Lawrencium · Testing electron binding

Lead and lead dioxide in lead-acid batteries

Pb

• Lead · Storing electrical energy

Lead sheet and other engineered shielding

Pb

• Lead · Attenuating radiation

Lead–antimony alloy

SbPb

• Antimony · Hardening battery components

Liquid helium

He

• Helium · Superconducting-magnet cooling

Lithium chloride or lithium bromide

Li

• Lithium · Humidity-control systems

Lithium-containing electrode and electrolyte materials

Li

• Lithium · Rechargeable batteries

Livermorium isotopes in decay-chain studies

Lv

• Livermorium · Comparing nuclear decay pathways

Livermorium produced with a titanium-50 beam

TiLv

• Livermorium · Testing routes toward heavier elements

Lutetium-177 attached to a PSMA-targeting molecule

Lu

• Lutetium · Delivering targeted radiation

Magnesium oxide ceramic

Mg

• Magnesium · Furnace linings

Magnesium-containing metallic alloys

Mg

• Magnesium · Lightweight structural alloys

Manganese dioxide compound

Mn

• Manganese · Battery chemistry

Meitnerium electronic-structure calculations

Mt

• Meitnerium · Predicting an atomic spectrum

Meitnerium nuclei in synthesis and decay experiments

Mt

• Meitnerium · Mapping superheavy decay chains

Mendelevium-244 in isotope-discovery research

Md

• Mendelevium · Exploring neutron-poor nuclei

Mercury vapor in a fluorescent lamp

Hg

• Mercury · Generating ultraviolet light inside a lamp

Metallic copper in a crystalline wire

Cu

• Restore formability between forming stages

Metallic copper line enclosed by a diffusion barrier and liner within an insulating dielectric; auxiliary compositions are unspecified.

Cu

• Copper needs a boundary

Metallic copper with deformation-generated dislocations

Cu

• Retain useful work hardening

Metallic platinum catalyst particles

Pt

• Keep gases moving without drying the membrane

Metallic zinc coating on steel

Zn

• Zinc · Protective steel coatings

Molybdenum disulfide compound

Mo

• Molybdenum · Solid lubrication

Molybdenum-containing steel or superalloy

Mo

• Molybdenum · Alloys for demanding service

Moscovium atomic-state calculations

Mc

• Moscovium · Testing relativistic p-shell models

Moscovium nuclei and their daughter sequences

Mc

• Moscovium · Studying linked nuclear decays

Na+ bound in halite, NaCl

NaCl

Na

• Choose references that match the measurement

Naturally occurring radon-222 dissolved in water

Rn

• Radon · Tracing water exchange

Neodymium-doped glass or crystal

Nd

• Neodymium · Amplifying light

Neodymium–iron–boron magnetic alloy

BFeNd

• Neodymium · Compact permanent magnets

Neon gas in a discharge tube

Ne

• Neon · Illuminated signs

Neptunium oxides in materials research

Np

• Neptunium · Understanding oxide materials

Neptunium-237 as a precursor to plutonium-238

NpPu

• Neptunium · Enabling space power supplies

Nickel–chromium alloy

CrNi

• Nickel · Electrical heating elements

Nihonium atomic-structure calculations

Nh

• Nihonium · Predicting heavy p-electron behavior

Nihonium isotopes in correlated-decay research

Nh

• Nihonium · Anchoring a discovery chain

Niobium-containing steel

Nb

• Niobium · Steels that carry more load

Niobium–titanium alloy

TiNb

• Niobium · Superconducting accelerator magnets

Nitrogen gas

N

• Nitrogen · Protective food atmospheres

Nitrogen in an amine curing agent

N

• Qualify the interface you will actually make

Nitrogen in protein peptide groups

N

• Control the texture, not just the heater

Nitrogen in the protein

N

• Reuse an enzyme in a gas absorber

Nobelium atoms in laser-spectroscopy experiments

No

• Nobelium · Reading heavy-atom spectra

Nobelium ions in oxidation-state studies

No

• Nobelium · Testing a filled f shell

O2− transported through a solid oxide electrolyte

O

• Match electrolysis to available heat

Oganesson electronic-structure calculations

Og

• Oganesson · Testing the noble-gas analogy

Oganesson-294 in synthesis and decay research

Og

• Oganesson · Exploring the boundary of nuclear stability

Osmium-containing catalytic system

Os

• Osmium · Controlling a molecular oxidation

Osmium-containing hard alloy

Os

• Osmium · Small wear-resistant components

Oxygen gas

O

• Oxygen · Steel production

Oxygen gas with a fuel gas

O

• Oxygen · High-temperature metal work

Oxygen in epoxy-derived groups

O

• Qualify the interface you will actually make
• Choose a cure process around package distortion

Oxygen in H2O

H2O

HO

• Detect a salt upset in a known process

Oxygen in pore water and hydration products

O

• Qualify the exposed part of a joint

Oxygen in retained H2O

H2O

HO

• Control the texture, not just the heater

Palladium-based metal membrane

Pd

• Palladium · Separating hydrogen from gas mixtures

Phosphate compounds derived from mineral sources

P

• Phosphorus · Fertilizer manufacture

Platinum alloy containing 10 percent iridium

IrPt

• Iridium · Preserving a historical length reference

Platinum-based thermocouple wires

Pt

• Platinum · Measuring high temperatures

Plutonium-238 oxide in radioisotope heater units

Pu

• Plutonium · Keeping spacecraft components warm

Plutonium-238 oxide in radioisotope power systems

Pu

• Plutonium · Electrical power far from the Sun

Polonium-209 reference material

Po

• Polonium · Establishing radioactivity measurements

Polonium-containing ionizing sources, a specialized historical use

Po

• Polonium · Removing static charge

Potassium salts in fertilizers

K

• Potassium · Plant-nutrient products

Praseodymium-containing magnesium alloy

MgPr

• Praseodymium · Strong lightweight alloys

Praseodymium-doped zircon compound

Pr

• Praseodymium · Yellow ceramic pigments

Promethium-147 beta-gauge source

Pm

• Promethium · Measuring thin plastic films

Promethium-147 in a nuclear battery

Pm

• Promethium · Power from radioactive decay

Protactinium compounds in structural and spectroscopic research

Pa

• Protactinium · Understanding early actinide bonds

Protactinium-231 and thorium-230 in marine sediments

ThPa

• Protactinium · Reconstructing ocean circulation

PTFE, a fluorine-containing polymer

F

• Fluorine · Non-stick and insulating materials

Purified and doped elemental germanium

Ge

• Germanium · Early transistor technology

Purified, deliberately doped elemental silicon

Si

• Silicon · Electronic devices

Radioactive isotope carbon-14

C

• Carbon · Tracing the age of organic material

Radium salts combined with phosphors

Ra

• Radium · Historical luminous displays

Radon emanation standards for detector calibration

Rn

• Radon · Calibrating radiation instruments

Red phosphorus in a formulated coating

P

• Phosphorus · Safety-match striking surfaces

Reference planar nMOS: boron-doped silicon body, phosphorus-doped source/drain, SiO₂ gate dielectric, and conducting polysilicon gate.

SiO2

BSiP

• A field-controlled silicon switch

Rhenium-alloyed tungsten or molybdenum

MoWRe

• Rhenium · High-temperature electrical components

Rhenium-containing nickel superalloy

NiRe

• Rhenium · Hot turbine components

Rhodium metal coating

Rh

• Rhodium · Reflective surfaces

Rhodium-containing supported catalyst

Rh

• Rhodium · Reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust

Roentgenium isotopes in decay experiments

Rg

• Roentgenium · Testing superheavy nuclear assignments

Rubidium-87 atoms in a vapor cell

Rb

• Rubidium · Atomic frequency standards

Ruthenium dioxide coating on titanium

TiRu

• Ruthenium · Electrodes for chlorine production

Ruthenium-alloyed platinum or palladium

RuPdPt

• Ruthenium · More durable contact materials

Rutherfordium complexes in aqueous separation experiments

Rf

• Rutherfordium · Testing group 4 chemistry

Rutherfordium isotopes in alpha-spectroscopy research

Rf

• Rutherfordium · Mapping nuclear structure

Samarium-containing neutron absorber

Sm

• Samarium · Absorbing neutrons

Samarium–cobalt permanent-magnet alloy

CoSm

• Samarium · Magnets for elevated-temperature systems

Scandium added to aluminum alloys

AlSc

• Scandium · Lightweight alloy components

Scandium iodide in discharge lamps

Sc

• Scandium · Lighting color control

Seaborgium hexacarbonyl in gas-phase research

Sg

• Seaborgium · Testing metal-carbon bonding

Seaborgium species in aqueous experiments

Sg

• Seaborgium · Extending solution chemistry

Selenium-based photoconductive material

Se

• Selenium · Document copying

Selenium-containing glass formulations

Se

• Selenium · Glass color control

Silicate units in hydrated binder

Si

• Supply water where hydration needs it

Silicon bonded to oxygen in glass platelets

OSi

• Borrow the shell’s architecture

Silicon carbide compound

Si

• Silicon · Abrasive materials

Silicon in geological silicate standards

Si

• Choose references that match the measurement

Silicon in rock silicates before ablation

Si

• Separate a coating from the rock beneath

Silicon in the measuring electronics

Si

• Choose a reference for an infrared radiometer

Silicon–oxygen units in rock-forming silicates

OSi

• Keep the altered layer in the investigation

Silver bromide compound

BrAg

• Bromine · Film photography

Silver halide photographic emulsion

Ag

• Silver · Recording an image chemically

Silver iodide compound

AgI

• Iodine · Light-sensitive photographic material

Sodium chloride compound

Na

• Sodium · Chemical feedstock

Sodium–potassium metallic alloy

NaK

• Sodium · Liquid heat transfer
• Potassium · Specialized heat transfer

Sterling silver alloy

Ag

• Silver · Durable decorative metal

Strontium aluminate phosphor formulations

Sr

• Strontium · Persistent luminous materials

Strontium salts in formulated flares

Sr

• Strontium · Signal colors

Sulfur converted into a chemical compound

S

• Sulfur · Sulfuric-acid production

Sulfur incorporated into vulcanised rubber

S

• Sulfur · Rubber cross-linking

Supported platinum-containing catalyst particles

Pt

• Platinum · Promoting fuel-cell reactions

Tantalum capacitor with tantalum oxide dielectric

Ta

• Tantalum · Storing electrical charge compactly

Tantalum metal or tantalum-lined component

Ta

• Tantalum · Equipment for corrosive service

Technetium-99 reference solution

Tc

• Technetium · Checking radioactivity measurements

Technetium-99m in formulated radiopharmaceutical compounds

Tc

• Technetium · Tracing processes in diagnostic imaging

Tellurium-containing copper alloy

CuTe

• Tellurium · Making copper easier to machine

Tennessine atoms in relativistic calculations

Ts

• Tennessine · Predicting a heavy halogen’s electron affinity

Tennessine nuclei in synthesis and decay experiments

Ts

• Tennessine · Testing superheavy nuclear survival

Terbium-containing phosphor or chelate

Tb

• Terbium · Green light from an excited material

Terbium–dysprosium–iron alloy, Terfenol-D

FeTbDy

• Terbium · Turning magnetism into movement

Thallium oxide added to optical glass

Tl

• Thallium · Bending light in glass

Thallium sulfide in photoelectric devices

Tl

• Thallium · Detecting light

The isotope krypton-86

Kr

• Krypton · Historical length standard

Thin elemental aluminum coating

Al

• Aluminum · Reflective telescope coatings

Thin elemental beryllium foil

Be

• Beryllium · X-ray instrument windows

Thorium dioxide in gas mantles

Th

• Thorium · High-temperature illumination, historically

Thorium-bearing fuel materials in reactor research

Th

• Thorium · Investigating alternative fuel cycles

Thulium-170 sealed source

Tm

• Thulium · A specialized radiographic source

Thulium-doped glass or crystal

Tm

• Thulium · Laser gain materials

Tin-plated steel

Sn

• Tin · Protecting a steel container

Tin–silver–copper solder alloy

CuAgSn

• Tin · Joining electronic components

Titanium dioxide pigment

Ti

• Titanium · White coatings

Titanium-based alloys

Ti

• Titanium · Aircraft structures

Trace mendelevium ions in chemical research

Md

• Mendelevium · Comparing actinide charge states

Tungsten metal wire

W

• Tungsten · A hot light-emitting filament

Uranium and radiogenic lead in minerals

PbU

• Uranium · Dating rocks

Uranium dioxide ceramic fuel

U

• Uranium · Supplying reactor heat

Vanadium pentoxide catalyst

V

• Vanadium · Sulfuric-acid manufacture

Vanadium-containing steel alloys

V

• Vanadium · Tool-steel performance

Water and hydroxide at the catalytic site

O

• Protect access to the active site

Xenon difluoride compound

Xe

• Xenon · Removing silicon during fabrication

Ytterbium-171 atoms in an optical lattice clock

Yb

• Ytterbium · Testing optical timekeeping

Ytterbium-doped optical fiber

Yb

• Ytterbium · Producing laser light in a fiber

Yttrium–aluminum garnet laser material

AlY

• Yttrium · Laser host crystals

Yttrium–iron garnet compound

FeY

• Yttrium · Microwave filtering

Zinc oxide compound

Zn

• Zinc · White pigment formulations

Zirconium dioxide ceramic

Zr

• Zirconium · High-temperature laboratory vessels

Zirconium-based alloys with controlled hafnium content

ZrHf

• Zirconium · Nuclear fuel cladding

Zn2+ coordinated inside carbonic anhydrase

Zn

• Reuse an enzyme in a gas absorber